THE LEDGERS / ARCHIVE
Research index
The complete collection. Each report includes its source publications and the date of the record.
R85
Senegal / Türkiye
R84Karpowership in Senegal’s off-budget accounts: CFA13 billion in two entries
Ghana / Türkiye / United States / United Kingdom
R83$5,000 each on a Türkiye trip: Berko’s bribery verdict in Aksa’s Ghana deal
Special Investigation · Uganda / Burundi / British Virgin Islands / Türkiye
E82SICPA’s Africa file 2: The two partners behind Veritas
Editorial assessment · Türkiye
R81The law does not bow to big names
Türkiye / Russia / Croatia / Montenegro
R80The $593.7 million question in the Zeren case: where did the oil revenues go?
Türkiye
R79Pasifik Holding: TRY 39.7 billion on the books, TRY 6.3 billion on the market
Türkiye / Switzerland
R78SICPA playing games with the transfer? The “1 December” calculation in the EUR 120.6 million dispute
Türkiye / Switzerland / United Kingdom
R77Century City: CHF 300,000 in capital, at least TRY 1.3 billion in Turkish share purchases
Türkiye
R76Zapsu and Balsu: were the shares sold to funds bought back?
Türkiye / International
R75From embargo to world markets: the rise of Türkiye’s defence industry
Special Investigation · Türkiye / East Africa / British Virgin Islands
R72SICPA’s Africa file opens: Four countries, millions of dollars in bribes and presidential-level access
Kenya
R74Kenya’s KSh104.8bn health-tech deal: audit red flags and the accountability test
Somalia / United States
R73From Mogadishu to Minnesota: the alleged kickback network in a $250m food-aid fraud
Uganda / Japan / United Kingdom
REPORTUganda’s $14.7m debt-payment fraud case heads towards trial
Special Investigation · Azerbaijan · Türkiye · United Kingdom · United Arab Emirates
REPORTOne Country, Two Families
United Kingdom · France · Spain · Portugal
REPORTUK court freezes about £50 million in unexplained-wealth investigation
United States · Netherlands · Bahamas · Cambodia
R69Zheng Zhao extradited to US in case tracing more than $36.9 million through bank accounts and crypto
United States · Los Angeles
R71US charges 15 in Los Angeles healthcare cases involving about $2 billion in claims
Slovakia · European Union
R70EPPO investigates alleged customs and VAT losses exceeding €234 million in Slovakia
20 African countries · United States
R68Serengeti III: Interpol reports over $105 million recovered in cybercrime crackdown
Special Investigation · Special investigation | Turkey · Ankara–Istanbul
R67Two Major Investigations, One Test of the Law: Erdoğan’s Resolve, Gürlek’s Determination
The SICPA dossier, Part 2: Payment-stop messages said to date from September 2019, consultancy invoices from 2015–2019, and an account of a conversation said to have taken place in 2020.
R66The adviser written off: Messages attributed to Amon describe a break with Cuneyd Zapsu
Investigation · SICPA file · 19 October 2026
R65Why did SICPA hire Cuneyd Zapsu?
SKM Group's replies of 19 October 2026, statements from the Sarıgül side and the investigation's status when the bulletin was prepared.
R64SKM responds: promised €1 billion either did not exist or had a questionable source, group claims
United States / Democratic Republic of the Congo / Türkiye
E63Congo link in the White House donation feud
Editorial assessment · Türkiye / Germany / Italy / Switzerland
REPORTThe Scales Are Not Balanced: A Prosecutor's Decision, a Munich Letter and a Missing Suspect on One Side; an Undocumented Accusation on the Other
Special Investigation · Türkiye / Germany
R62The Sarıgül Dossier: An €80 Million Agreement, a €1 Billion Promise
Special Investigation · France / European Union / Singapore / Türkiye
R6028 Countries, 278 People, One Document: The Real Test of the Fund Investigation
United States · International banking
R61Bank of America faces $1.21bn in AML and sanctions penalties
Ghana · Nigeria · United Kingdom · United States
R58West Africa scam crackdown brings 28 arrests and a search for recoverable funds
US · Venezuela · Colombia · Türkiye
R59Pulido enters U.S. custody as Venezuela contract cases trace cross-border payments
Nigeria
R57SERAP sues Nigeria’s central bank over $6.23m payment and ₦1.63trn in loan balances
Türkiye
R56Istanbul prosecutors seek securities freeze for 85 people in fund investigation
international scope
R55Erdoğan’s “The world is bigger than five” call: Who will hold the powerful to account?
Türkiye / Switzerland
R49SICPA case: Türkiye’s Court of Cassation puts a contractual penalty claim exceeding €100 million back in focus
Türkiye
R51ODINE “Major Heist” Allegation: 21 People Referred to Prosecutors, Billion-Lira Transactions and Unanswered Questions
The Ledgers Africa · Angola · Switzerland
R50Trafigura’s Angola case: the payments behind the oil contracts
Germany · Austria · Poland · Spain · Switzerland · Cuba
R52Money in the Account, No Payments: How a Sanctions Chain Locked Cohiba’s European Route
The Ledgers Africa · Guinea · Switzerland
R47Simandou’s price: the Guinea mining rights behind Steinmetz’s bribery conviction
United States
R53OCC imposes $350 million AML penalty on American Express National Bank
The Ledgers Africa · Mozambique · United Kingdom
R48Mozambique’s hidden debt: Privinvest loses its appeal, but recovery is another battle
India
R54Indian investigators report loan irregularities in Angamaly co-operative probe
The Ledgers Africa · Ghana · South Africa
R46Accra’s railway that never arrived: the $2 million SkyTrain payment on trial
Nigeria
R45Nigeria’s Phantom Council: The State Says It Does Not Exist. Its Records Say Otherwise.
Türkiye · Switzerland · United States · GeorgiaNEW EVIDENCE RECEIVED
R44From Draft to Invoice: SICPA’s 2014 Tender ‘Success Fee’ Did Not Stay on Paper
Türkiye · United States · South Korea · Japan · Hungary
R43What Is Happening at Maltepe University?
Türkiye · France
E42Twice the Price Amid a Collapse: Who Bought Barem Shares, From Whom, and Why?
Editorial assessment · Türkiye · Portugal · Switzerland
R41A Proactive State: Justice Before the Money Disappears
Germany · Qatar · France
R39Munich prosecutors examine consultancy commissions in KNDS's 2013 Qatar tank deal
Switzerland / Türkiye / United States
R38Payments, a rival and a success fee: SICPA’s fight to retain Türkiye’s tax-stamp contract
Belgium / Democratic Republic of the Congo / United Arab Emirates
E37The Black Box of the $185 Passport: Semlex to Stand Trial in Belgium
Editorial assessment · Switzerland / United Kingdom
E36The Accountability Test for Those Selling Transparency: Roger Zini, Philippe Amon and the N-Soft–SICPA Dispute
Editorial assessment · Portugal / Türkiye
E35Ricardo Salgado’s Lesson: The Robbery Happens While Everyone Is Profiting, Not When the Collapse Comes
Editorial assessment · Türkiye
R34Akın Gürlek: A firm stand against the perception of impunity
Türkiye / Switzerland
R08SICPA SA (CH) and Türkiye’s Tax-Stamp Tender: Bribery Allegations in a Complaint Filed in Switzerland
Germany
R23Damaged US cars at the centre of Germany’s €90 million fraud case
Spain (international scope)
R09Spain arrests 21 in inquiry into ‘Dubai Bank’ money-transfer network
Czechia, Germany, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Slovakia
R30AirPods trade used in alleged €20 million VAT carousel
Ukraine
R10Ukraine’s ‘Forrest Gump’ case follows alleged bail funding through Sense Bank
Italy
R11Milan clothing imports examined in €33.4 million VAT probe
Brazil, Germany, Belgium
R19Extra invoices raise questions over collagen imports’ customs value
Switzerland
R31Swiss court fines Lombard Odier in Karimova-linked laundering case
Bosnia and Herzegovina
R12Bosnian motorway funding halted as investigators examine consultancy tender
Poland
R26Russian plywood allegedly entered Poland under Kazakh origin declarations
Greece
R13Four sitting MPs among 22 indicted in Greek farm-payments case
Greece, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czechia
R32Greek electronics VAT probe reaches property and digital assets
Bosnia and Herzegovina · Contractor: Cengiz (Türkiye)
R03Golubinja tunnel: how a rejected claim became a reported €27 million payment
Hungary
R14Hungary’s EPPO entry opens scrutiny of spending dating back to 2021
Italy
R22Italian fuel warehouse suspected of selling 188 million litres without paying tax
Georgia, Poland, Ukraine, US
R25AudiA6 operation targets a service allegedly used to launder ransomware proceeds
Belgium, France
R06Cash couriers and a Brussels business feature in €8 million seizure
EU-wide
R17Rising defence budgets prompt OLAF warning over procurement fraud
Belgium (Wise Europe)
R29Wise faces Belgian inquiry after requests over €500 million in transactions
Portugal
R18Portuguese inquiry examines municipal awards to party-linked companies
Belgium
R04ING’s €1.6 million settlement leaves a reporting timeline in focus
Slovakia
R15European Parliament calls for Slovakia’s EU payments to be suspended
Greece
R28Piraeus customs case examines how imports passed inspections
Spain
R27Spain’s former transport minister faces trial over pandemic mask contracts
Greece
R16False land claims, delayed payments: Greek farm-subsidy probe reaches cabinet
Italy, France, Poland, Switzerland, UK
R20Genoa tobacco probe uncovers false origin declarations and concealed cargo
Switzerland
R01Swiss appeals court confirms Credit Suisse acquittal
EU-wide
R02EU fraud files put VAT and customs losses at €45 billion
EU-wide
R07Prosecutors trace suspected fraud in the EU’s pandemic recovery fund
Europe
R24Europe’s corruption perceptions score slips over a decade
France, Romania
R05French and Romanian probe follows company funds into property
EU-wide
R21How AMLA plans to select the financial groups it will supervise
Germany
Late suspicious-transaction reports lead to BaFin penalty for J.P. Morgan SE
Latest investigations
87
Public office & procurement
Karpowership in Senegal’s off-budget accounts: CFA13 billion in two entries
R85 · Senegal / TürkiyeInvestigation ongoing31 October 2026
Public office & procurement
$5,000 each on a Türkiye trip: Berko’s bribery verdict in Aksa’s Ghana deal
R84 · Ghana / Türkiye / United States / United KingdomInvestigation ongoing31 October 2026
Public office & procurement
SICPA’s Africa file 2: The two partners behind Veritas
Special InvestigationR83 · Uganda / Burundi / British Virgin Islands / TürkiyeInvestigation ongoing30 October 2026
Public office & procurement
The law does not bow to big names
Editorial assessmentE82 · TürkiyeCompleted29 October 2026
Money laundering & financial systems
The $593.7 million question in the Zeren case: where did the oil revenues go?
R81 · Türkiye / Russia / Croatia / MontenegroInvestigation ongoing30 October 2026
Money laundering & financial systems
Pasifik Holding: TRY 39.7 billion on the books, TRY 6.3 billion on the market
R80 · TürkiyeInvestigation ongoing29 October 2026
Public office & procurement
SICPA playing games with the transfer? The “1 December” calculation in the EUR 120.6 million dispute
R79 · Türkiye / SwitzerlandInvestigation ongoing28 October 2026
Money laundering & financial systems
Century City: CHF 300,000 in capital, at least TRY 1.3 billion in Turkish share purchases
R78 · Türkiye / Switzerland / United KingdomInvestigation ongoing27 October 2026
Money laundering & financial systems
Zapsu and Balsu: were the shares sold to funds bought back?
R77 · TürkiyeInvestigation ongoing27 October 2026
Public office & procurement
From embargo to world markets: the rise of Türkiye’s defence industry
R76 · Türkiye / InternationalCompleted26 October 2026
Public office & procurement
SICPA’s Africa file opens: Four countries, millions of dollars in bribes and presidential-level access
Special InvestigationR75 · Türkiye / East Africa / British Virgin IslandsInvestigation ongoing25 October 2026
Public office & procurement
Kenya’s KSh104.8bn health-tech deal: audit red flags and the accountability test
R72 · KenyaInvestigation ongoing6 October 2026
Public office & procurement
From Mogadishu to Minnesota: the alleged kickback network in a $250m food-aid fraud
R74 · Somalia / United StatesInvestigation ongoing21 August 2026
Public office & procurement
Uganda’s $14.7m debt-payment fraud case heads towards trial
R73 · Uganda / Japan / United KingdomInvestigation ongoing12 October 2026
Public office & procurement
One Country, Two Families
Special InvestigationREPORT · Azerbaijan · Türkiye · United Kingdom · United Arab EmiratesInvestigation ongoing24 October 2026
Customs, VAT & sanctions
UK court freezes about £50 million in unexplained-wealth investigation
REPORT · United Kingdom · France · Spain · PortugalInvestigation ongoing23 October 2026
Money laundering & financial systems
Zheng Zhao extradited to US in case tracing more than $36.9 million through bank accounts and crypto
REPORT · United States · Netherlands · Bahamas · CambodiaInvestigation ongoing23 October 2026
Money laundering & financial systems
US charges 15 in Los Angeles healthcare cases involving about $2 billion in claims
R69 · United States · Los AngelesInvestigation ongoing22 October 2026
Customs, VAT & sanctions
EPPO investigates alleged customs and VAT losses exceeding €234 million in Slovakia
R71 · Slovakia · European UnionInvestigation ongoing22 October 2026
Money laundering & financial systems
Serengeti III: Interpol reports over $105 million recovered in cybercrime crackdown
R70 · 20 African countries · United StatesInvestigation ongoing22 October 2026
Money laundering & financial systems
Two Major Investigations, One Test of the Law: Erdoğan’s Resolve, Gürlek’s Determination
Special InvestigationR68 · Special investigation | Turkey · Ankara–IstanbulInvestigation ongoing22 October 2026
Public office & procurement
The adviser written off: Messages attributed to Amon describe a break with Cuneyd Zapsu
R67 · The SICPA dossier, Part 2: Payment-stop messages said to date from September 2019, consultancy invoices from 2015–2019, and an account of a conversation said to have taken place in 2020.Investigation ongoing21 October 2026
Public office & procurement
Why did SICPA hire Cuneyd Zapsu?
R66 · Investigation · SICPA file · 19 October 2026Investigation ongoing19 October 2026
Money laundering & financial systems
SKM responds: promised €1 billion either did not exist or had a questionable source, group claims
R65 · SKM Group's replies of 19 October 2026, statements from the Sarıgül side and the investigation's status when the bulletin was prepared.Investigation ongoing19 October 2026
Public office & procurement
Congo link in the White House donation feud
R64 · United States / Democratic Republic of the Congo / TürkiyeInvestigation ongoing18 October 2026
Money laundering & financial systems
The Scales Are Not Balanced: A Prosecutor's Decision, a Munich Letter and a Missing Suspect on One Side; an Undocumented Accusation on the Other
Editorial assessmentE63 · Türkiye / Germany / Italy / SwitzerlandInvestigation ongoing18 October 2026
Money laundering & financial systems
The Sarıgül Dossier: An €80 Million Agreement, a €1 Billion Promise
Special InvestigationREPORT · Türkiye / GermanyInvestigation ongoing16 October 2026
Public office & procurement
28 Countries, 278 People, One Document: The Real Test of the Fund Investigation
Special InvestigationR62 · France / European Union / Singapore / TürkiyeCompleted14 October 2026
Money laundering & financial systems
Bank of America faces $1.21bn in AML and sanctions penalties
R60 · United States · International bankingInvestigation ongoing13 October 2026
Money laundering & financial systems
West Africa scam crackdown brings 28 arrests and a search for recoverable funds
R61 · Ghana · Nigeria · United Kingdom · United StatesInvestigation ongoing13 October 2026
Money laundering & financial systems
Pulido enters U.S. custody as Venezuela contract cases trace cross-border payments
R58 · US · Venezuela · Colombia · TürkiyeInvestigation ongoing12 October 2026
Public office & procurement
SERAP sues Nigeria’s central bank over $6.23m payment and ₦1.63trn in loan balances
R59 · NigeriaInvestigation ongoing12 October 2026
Money laundering & financial systems
Istanbul prosecutors seek securities freeze for 85 people in fund investigation
R57 · TürkiyeInvestigation ongoing12 October 2026
Public office & procurement
Erdoğan’s “The world is bigger than five” call: Who will hold the powerful to account?
R56 · international scopeCompletedOctober 2026
Public office & procurement
SICPA case: Türkiye’s Court of Cassation puts a contractual penalty claim exceeding €100 million back in focus
R55 · Türkiye / SwitzerlandInvestigation ongoing8 October 2026
Public office & procurement
Accra’s railway that never arrived: the $2 million SkyTrain payment on trial
R54 · Ghana · South AfricaCompleted5 October 2026
Public office & procurement
Mozambique’s hidden debt: Privinvest loses its appeal, but recovery is another battle
R53 · Mozambique · United KingdomCompleted13 May 2026
Public office & procurement
Simandou’s price: the Guinea mining rights behind Steinmetz’s bribery conviction
R52 · Guinea · SwitzerlandCompleted4 April 2025
Public office & procurement
Trafigura’s Angola case: the payments behind the oil contracts
R51 · Angola · SwitzerlandCompleted9 December 2025
Money laundering & financial systems
ODINE “Major Heist” Allegation: 21 People Referred to Prosecutors, Billion-Lira Transactions and Unanswered Questions
R49 · TürkiyeInvestigation ongoing9 October 2026
Customs, VAT & sanctions
Money in the Account, No Payments: How a Sanctions Chain Locked Cohiba’s European Route
R50 · Germany · Austria · Poland · Spain · Switzerland · CubaInvestigation ongoing9 October 2026
Money laundering & financial systems
OCC imposes $350 million AML penalty on American Express National Bank
R47 · United StatesCompleted8 October 2026
Money laundering & financial systems
Indian investigators report loan irregularities in Angamaly co-operative probe
R48 · IndiaInvestigation ongoing8 October 2026
Public office & procurement
Nigeria’s Phantom Council: The State Says It Does Not Exist. Its Records Say Otherwise.
R46 · NigeriaInvestigation ongoing9 October 2026
Public office & procurement
From Draft to Invoice: SICPA’s 2014 Tender ‘Success Fee’ Did Not Stay on Paper
NEW EVIDENCE RECEIVEDR45 · Türkiye · Switzerland · United States · GeorgiaInvestigation ongoing6 October 2026
Public office & procurement
What Is Happening at Maltepe University?
R44 · Türkiye · United States · South Korea · Japan · HungaryInvestigation ongoing6 October 2026
Public office & procurement
Twice the Price Amid a Collapse: Who Bought Barem Shares, From Whom, and Why?
R43 · Türkiye · FranceInvestigation ongoing5 October 2026
Public office & procurement
A Proactive State: Justice Before the Money Disappears
Editorial assessmentE42 · Türkiye · Portugal · SwitzerlandCompleted3 October 2026
Public office & procurement
Munich prosecutors examine consultancy commissions in KNDS's 2013 Qatar tank deal
R41 · Germany · Qatar · FranceInvestigation ongoing1 October 2026
Public office & procurement
Payments, a rival and a success fee: SICPA’s fight to retain Türkiye’s tax-stamp contract
R39 · Switzerland / Türkiye / United StatesInvestigation ongoing1 October 2026
Public office & procurement
The Black Box of the $185 Passport: Semlex to Stand Trial in Belgium
R38 · Belgium / Democratic Republic of the Congo / United Arab EmiratesInvestigation ongoing28 September 2026
Public office & procurement
The Accountability Test for Those Selling Transparency: Roger Zini, Philippe Amon and the N-Soft–SICPA Dispute
Editorial assessmentE37 · Switzerland / United KingdomInvestigation ongoing24 September 2026
EU enforcement & oversight
Ricardo Salgado’s Lesson: The Robbery Happens While Everyone Is Profiting, Not When the Collapse Comes
Editorial assessmentE36 · Portugal / TürkiyeInvestigation ongoing22 September 2026
Public office & procurement
Akın Gürlek: A firm stand against the perception of impunity
Editorial assessmentE35 · TürkiyeCompleted21 September 2026Public office & procurement
SICPA SA (CH) and Türkiye’s Tax-Stamp Tender: Bribery Allegations in a Complaint Filed in Switzerland
R34 · Türkiye / SwitzerlandInvestigation ongoing16 September 2026
Customs, VAT & sanctions
Damaged US cars at the centre of Germany’s €90 million fraud case
R08 · GermanyInvestigation ongoing14 September 2026
Money laundering & financial systems
Spain arrests 21 in inquiry into ‘Dubai Bank’ money-transfer network
R23 · Spain (international scope)Completed8 September 2026
Customs, VAT & sanctions
AirPods trade used in alleged €20 million VAT carousel
R09 · Czechia, Germany, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Hungary, SlovakiaCompleted26 August 2026
Public office & procurement
Ukraine’s ‘Forrest Gump’ case follows alleged bail funding through Sense Bank
R30 · UkraineCompleted19–20 August 2026
Customs, VAT & sanctions
Milan clothing imports examined in €33.4 million VAT probe
R10 · ItalyCompleted10 August 2026
Customs, VAT & sanctions
Extra invoices raise questions over collagen imports’ customs value
R11 · Brazil, Germany, BelgiumCompleted5 August 2026
Money laundering & financial systems
Swiss court fines Lombard Odier in Karimova-linked laundering case
R19 · SwitzerlandCompleted29 July 2026
Corridor Vc / Bosnia & Herzegovina
Bosnian motorway funding halted as investigators examine consultancy tender
R31 · Bosnia and HerzegovinaCompleted20–21 July 2026
Customs, VAT & sanctions
Russian plywood allegedly entered Poland under Kazakh origin declarations
R12 · PolandCompleted17 July 2026
Public office & procurement
Four sitting MPs among 22 indicted in Greek farm-payments case
R26 · GreeceCompleted16 July 2026Customs, VAT & sanctions
Greek electronics VAT probe reaches property and digital assets
R13 · Greece, Bulgaria, Cyprus, CzechiaCompleted14 July 2026Corridor Vc / Bosnia & Herzegovina
Golubinja tunnel: how a rejected claim became a reported €27 million payment
R32 · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Contractor: Cengiz (Türkiye)Completed14 July 2026EU enforcement & oversight
Hungary’s EPPO entry opens scrutiny of spending dating back to 2021
R03 · HungaryCompleted10 July 2026Customs, VAT & sanctions
Italian fuel warehouse suspected of selling 188 million litres without paying tax
R14 · ItalyCompleted1 July 2026Money laundering & financial systems
AudiA6 operation targets a service allegedly used to launder ransomware proceeds
R22 · Georgia, Poland, Ukraine, USCompleted10–12 June 2026Money laundering & financial systems
Cash couriers and a Brussels business feature in €8 million seizure
R25 · Belgium, FranceCompletedOperation 6 June 2026, announced 10 June 2026EU enforcement & oversight
Rising defence budgets prompt OLAF warning over procurement fraud
R06 · EU-wideCompleted3 June 2026Money laundering & financial systems
Wise faces Belgian inquiry after requests over €500 million in transactions
R17 · Belgium (Wise Europe)Completed1 June 2026Public office & procurement
Portuguese inquiry examines municipal awards to party-linked companies
R29 · PortugalCompleted28 May 2026Money laundering & financial systems
ING’s €1.6 million settlement leaves a reporting timeline in focus
R18 · BelgiumCompleted5 May 2026EU enforcement & oversight
European Parliament calls for Slovakia’s EU payments to be suspended
R04 · SlovakiaCompleted29 April 2026Customs, VAT & sanctions
Piraeus customs case examines how imports passed inspections
R15 · GreeceCompletedInvestigation opened June 2025; detailed reporting 27 April 2026Public office & procurement
Spain’s former transport minister faces trial over pandemic mask contracts
R28 · SpainCompletedTrial opened 8 April 2026Public office & procurement
False land claims, delayed payments: Greek farm-subsidy probe reaches cabinet
R27 · GreeceCompleted3 April 2026Customs, VAT & sanctions
Genoa tobacco probe uncovers false origin declarations and concealed cargo
R16 · Italy, France, Poland, Switzerland, UKCompleted24 March 2026Money laundering & financial systems
Swiss appeals court confirms Credit Suisse acquittal
R20 · SwitzerlandCompleted4 March 2026EU enforcement & oversight
EU fraud files put VAT and customs losses at €45 billion
R01 · EU-wideCompleted2 March 2026EU enforcement & oversight
Prosecutors trace suspected fraud in the EU’s pandemic recovery fund
R02 · EU-wideCompletedMarch 2026EU enforcement & oversight
Europe’s corruption perceptions score slips over a decade
R07 · EuropeCompleted10 February 2026Money laundering & financial systems
French and Romanian probe follows company funds into property
R24 · France, RomaniaCompleted10 February 2026EU enforcement & oversight
How AMLA plans to select the financial groups it will supervise
R05 · EU-wideCompletedAnnounced 18 December 2025; methodology tested with national supervisors through 2026Money laundering & financial systems